Sealant
Main types of construction sealants
Sealants are pasty substances used to seal and waterproof various joints in construction. They cure to be elastic masses so as to withstand movements due to temperatures or moisture variations, wind action, settlement etc.
Sealants protect from penetration of water and water vapor. They also protect from intrusion of noise, fire, dust etc.
Our main interest here is the waterproofing aspects of sealants.
Sealants belong to the same family as adhesives do- with the latter being stronger and less deformable.
Sealants in order to play their role successfully need to have:
* strong adhesion to the substrates- even with the help of a primer and
* adequate elasticity so as to comfortably expand and contract following substrate movements.
It’s absolutely vital that these properties will be kept for long spans of time.
Most times it is extremely difficult to replace failed systems of sealants.
In a few words sealants are used:
a) to bridge gaps (joints)
b) to create some kind of barrier.
SOME TYPICAL JOINTS
- Expansion joints in concrete constructions
- Control joints in floor slabs
- Joints between window frames and masonry
- Joints between panels
- Joints around penetrations
- Joints between corrugated sheets
- Joints around bathtubs
- Joints in glazing assemblies
- Joints in dry construction
- Joints in swimming pools – water tanks (under hydrostatic pressure)
- Floor joints in chemical plants etc. (resistance to chemicals needed)
Main types of sealants used in construction:
* Acrylic sealants
* Bituminous sealants
* Polysulfides
* Polyurethanes
* Silicones
* MS Polymers
MAIN TYPES OF SEALANTS FOR JOINTS WATERPROOFING IN CONSTRUCTIONS
ACRYLIC SEALANTS
Acrylic sealants are massively used in Europe. Although there are solvent based products in the market, most of these products are based on dispersions.
Traditional acrylic sealants can accommodate joint movements in the region of 10-15%. These products are characterised as plastomeric.
Some companies have formulated acrylic sealants with a Movement Accomodation Factor (MAF) of 25%. These new formulations are more like elastomers than plastomers. Things change rapidly!
Generally, acrylics exhibit a very strong adhesion on most construction materials. On porous surfaces a primer prepared from the sealant + water can be used.
Although they possess a fair UV resistance, my personal preference is to use them for internal applications. Furthermore their water resistance is rather poor and they shouldn’t be applied on damp surfaces, floors and generally surfaces which come in contact with water.
Take into account that these formulae shrink by about 15%, maybe more!!
On the other hand they are very easily applied, are user friendly, can be easily overpainted and are available in a big variety of colours.
And they are very – very cheap!!!
Main uses:
* in dry construction to seal and reduce the STC of partitions
* to seal cracks in plasters
* jointing around door and window frames etc.
Addition of silanes in acrylic formulae can considerably expand their application range by improving adherence on non porous surfaces.
BITUMINOUS SEALANTS
Bituminous sealants are mainly used:
- in roofing installations as an accessory for SBS and APP membranes waterproofing
- in civil engineering works: water retaining structures, concrete decks at airports, roadways, pavements etc.
Raw materials – asphalts – come from the fractional distillation of crude oil. Asphalt fractions are modified with the addition of small quantities of elastomers as neoprene, styrene butadiene copolymers etc. Other ingredients could be: fibers – other than asbestos – and fillers as calcium carbonate.
Bituminous sealants are very suitable for permanent contact with water but not suitable for trafficable floors.
Combinations of these products with epoxies give fuel resistant sealants used in tarmacs / airport decks.
Another interesting version is bitumen – urethane or bitumen – polysulfide sealants which possess excellent characteristics at an affordable cost.
Bituminous sealants can be cold or hot applied. Modified products can serve temperature ranges from -30oC to + 90oC.
POLYSULFIDE SEALANTS
USA company Thiokol (greek etymology: glue based on sulfur) invented polysulfides back to 1960s. They come in two-parts or one-part syntheses and are mostly used in civil engineering and glazing. They are considered as the oldest elastomeric sealants. Two components formulae are usually catalysed with manganese dioxide.
Polysulfides bond very well to most of the usual substrates in constructions. Though, they usually need a primer to ensure the right grip and most definitely they need a primer when used under water or in dilatation joints.
Take care: polysulfides are unsuitable for many plastic substrates including PVC, plexiglass, ABS and polycarbonate.
Polysulfides exhibit a natural resistance to UVs, water, solar radiation and other weathering factors.
Elasticity: they have a M.A.F. of 20-25%.
Curing rate: two part polysulfides cure depending thickness, temperature and relative humidity. Their curing rate is considered slow.
Hardness: Depending on use, various formulations can lead to a Shore hardness from 25 up to more than 50.
Polysulfides mains uses are:
- in gas stations and airport tarmacs due to their excellent resistance to fuels
- insulation of glass windows (they are completely vapor proof and possess an enhanced UV resistance)
- sealing of expansion joints in civil engineer projects.
Polysulfide – epoxy combinations are available to be used in projects where high flexibility, excellent adhesion and ultimate chemical resistance are strongly desired.
Polysulfides are in retreat these years due to ecological considerations .
Both silicones and polyurethanes have made serious inroads in the polysulfide market.
POLYURETHANE SEALANTS
Polyurethane sealants may be of one component or two components.
One component polyurethane sealants are widely used worldwide due to their application simplicity and their excellent general characteristics:
- ultimate elongations up to 600-650%
- a high range of elastic moduli to suit all kinds of applications
- elastic recoveries to exceed 95%
- strong adhesion on most substrates in construction industry (primers are recommended according individual uses)
- high resistance to aging
- low shrinkage
- generally overpaintable
- M.A.F.s up to 25% (newest products even better)
- abrasion resistance (good choice for floor joints).
Inclusion of harmful isocyanates is a serious concern.
They cannot be considered user and environment friendly.
Also some other issues of concern are their relatively poor resistance to humidity, UV radiation and most chemicals. (Although some specialized formulae overcome to a certain extent these problems).
Polyurethane sealants come in a big variety of formulae:
- one or two components
- suitable for flooring
- façade compatible
- sealants and adhesives in one product
- pasty or pourable
- lower to higher elasticities
- different Shore hardnesses
- products that can be sanded etc.
One component products polymerize with the aid of environmental humidity, form a superficial skin and thereafter polymerise towards the core at a speed of approximately 2mm/day.
Polyurethane sealants are additionally used in automotive industry and have a good share at the relevant marine market.
Polyurethane sealants will be here for the years to come but they will have a very strong competition: MS polymers sealants.
SILICONE SEALANTS
Silicone sealants are the most universally known sealants. There are many types of silicones and their application range is really vast.
Generally these products exhibit:
- high resistance to water: they are extensively used for construction joints waterproofing
- elevated resistance to temperature variations, very low and high temperatures
- enhanced flexibility which they keep for many years
- the highest Movement Accomodation Factors in the market: could reach 50%.
Silicones are very popular because their cost was largely reduced during recent years and there are many types of them, very well suited to various individual applications.
Namely there exist:
* one or two component products
(latter products used for architectural glazing)
* silicones with different moduli suitable for a wide range of applications
* acetic silicones which during polymerization exhibit the characteristic odour of acetic acid (contain acetoxy groups)
* neutral silicones, oximic or alkoxy with the latter gaining ground due to health considerations pertaining to oxime cured sealants
* pressure sensitive silicone sealants which are permanently tacky
* thermoset silicones activated by heat
* silicones resistant to high temperatures used in gaskets (resistance up to 270oC-300oC)
* mold resistant silicones used in bathrooms + wet rooms
* special silicones for facades that won’t stain natural stonesand marbles
* silicone specially conceived for aquariums (very strong adhesion to glass and safe for fish)
* a huge variety of nuances to suit individual aesthetic preferences.
*Overpaintable silicones which combine excellent waterproofing properties with the desired finishing.
(Generally silicones cannot be overpainted and this is one serious drawback.)
MS POLYMER SEALANTS
The most recent technology in elastomeric sealants. Firstly developed in Japan and now rapidly expanding in USA and Europe. Based on MS Polymers (silyl terminated polyethers) an innovative polymer from Kaneka corporation.
I see MS Polymer sealants as safer, more environmental friendly, more ecological alternatives to polyurethane sealants.
They possess all the excellent mechanical characteristics of polyurethanes plus:
- they don’t contain any isocyanates or other harmful substances
- they have an unparalleled aging resistance
- their adhesion is superb on most surfaces. There is no other sealant with such a brood adhesion spectrum
- are easily paintable (mainly with water based paints)
- have the lowest shrinkage rate
- won’t stain marbles and other natural stones
- are easily extruded even at low temperatures.
It sounds like a miracle and probably is!
MS Polymer based sealants’ use is expanding and their main victim will be polyurethane based sealants.
Chris Strogilis
About the Author
Civil engineer with postgraduate studies in MBA and Marketing.
christos@macon.gr
http://maconwaterproofing.blogspot.com/
http://totalfitness-christos.blogspot.com
silicone sealant
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LOCTITE 37127 THREAD SEALANT STICK W/ TEFLON 145698 $8.00 |
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1 x QUALITY POLYURETHANE SEALANT 310ml BLACK ADHESIVE BONDING PU TIGER SEAL EQV $8.60 |
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Dap 08641 CLEAR SILICONE SEALANT Pack of 12 $49.90 |
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3 x QUALITY POLYURETHANE SEALANT 310ml BLACK ADHESIVE BONDING PU TIGER SEAL EQV $25.00 |
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BACK TO BASICS MARINE COLOR SEALANT*LOCKS IN VIBRANT HAIR COLOR-W@W! $10.99 |
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Chemque Q-Seal 290S Polyurethane Detector Loop Sealant 12/ 30 oz Cartridge Black $105.00 |
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NEW 2 OZ SEAL ALL HEAVY DUTY ADHESIVE SEALANT GLUE SALE $2.69 |
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Garage Puncture Sealant Secret Diversion Home Hidden Safe NEW-DSG-PS $18.99 |
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DAP Dynaflex230 Premium Indoor Outdoor Sealant Silicone Waterproof & Paintable $4.95 |
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Imperial Blades 25MM560 Universal Arbor 3in Tapered Sealant Cutter 25pk $349.99 |
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Ultra Seal Tire Sealant Decal 1960’s $5.00 |
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Lot of (6) Cartridges 3M Fire Barrier Sealant FD 150+ Flexible Wall Joints NEW $34.99 |
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3M – HP45-50 – RITE-LOK HYDRAULIC/PNEUMTIC SEALANT, 50 ML BOTTLE (04801162721) $12.00 |
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Slime Super Tire Sealant, Mower/ATV, 24 oz., (10008) $19.99 |
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DOW CHEMICAL 230409 GREAT STUFF PRO 14 GUN FOR EXPANDING FOAM SEALANT GUN NEW! $74.99 |
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9 TUBES FIRE, SMOKE, FLAME SEAL STOPPER CONSTRUCTION SEALANT CAULKING $40.00 |
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RED DEVIL KING KAULK ALL-IN-ONE ADHESIVE,CAULK,SEALANT $7.09 |
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Everbuild FOREVERCL Forever White Sealant – Clear $20.14 |
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Super Seal, Cliplight, TOTAL AUTO, Leak Sealant, Drying $42.06 |
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Slime Tire Sealant, Tubeless, Motorcycle, 8 oz., (10010) $14.99 |
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Geocel 2320 Construction Sealant / 11-10.3 FL.OZ. Tubes $54.89 |
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4 Gallon Cans Hercules Premium Grade/All Weather Roof & Flashing Sealant $16.50 |
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Slime Tube Sealant, Small Tube Tires, 8 oz., (10003) $14.99 |
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Slime Inner-Tube Sealant, Large Tube Tires, 16 oz., (10004) $17.99 |
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Slime Inner-Tube Sealant, Value Size, 32 oz. (10005) $23.95 |
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Geocel Corp. 20300 CLEAR BRUSHABLE SEALANT $42.30 |
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Dap 18182 WHT BUTYL GUTTER SEALANT Pack of 12 $35.85 |
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Rectorseal Tru Blu Thread Sealant with Teflon $7.00 |
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GE SWS Black Silicone Weatherproofing Weathersealing Sealant (Case – 24 Tubes) $75.00 |
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All Purpose Amazing Goop 1.0oz.Adhesive & Sealant 14021 2 Per Order $6.00 |
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Rectorseal T plus 2 Pipe Thread Sealant 1 3/4 oz $13.00 |
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Loctite 5900 / 5904 glycol resistant RTV Flange Sealant $11.99 |
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Rectorseal 5 Pipe Thread Sealant 1 3/4 oz $8.00 |
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Loctite 5999 RTV Flange Sealant and Gasket Maker $8.99 |
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Loctite 5699 RTV Flange Sealant and Gasket Maker $9.99 |
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Contact Adhesive and Sealant – Gas & Oil Resistant $7.99 |
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Sealant Equipment 223-164 Gasket Kit NEW $22.95 |
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Kent-Moore J-24402 Glass Sealant Removal Knife $69.99 |
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3M 3000 WT Fire Barrier Sealant Silicone 4.5 Gal- (G10005) $128.00 |
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3M™ Fire Barrier Water Tight Sealant 3000 WT, 10 fl oz., Cartridge 16593 $20.95 |
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3 CANS BRIWAX DANISH OIL 16floz FURNITURE WOOD SEALANT $49.99 |
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Sealant Equipment 2150-250 Air Motor Service Kit NEW $253.95 |
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Marine Shield Professional Finishing System Sealant $18.39 |
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PROFESSIONAL CAR WAX SEALANT Tired of polish? Try PTFE! $31.22 |
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NEW PERMATEX 80050 CLEAR RTV SILICONE ADHESIVE SEALANT $3.99 |
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3M™ Fire Barrier Sealant FD 150+ Red, 10.1 oz. Cartridge, Ready to Use 18812 $12.95 |
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Mono Sealant by Tremco Mfg Cleveland OH 1969 Ad $3.95 |
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GB Electrical DS-110N ELECTRICAL DUCT SEALANT Pack of 9 $20.75 |
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Dap 18275 WHT DYNAFLEX LTX SEALANT Pack of 12 $37.68 |
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1 tube of silicone sealant (glue), specially good for sealing solar panel $9.99 |
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NEW PERMATEX 80016 FORM A GASKET MAKER SEALANT ADHESIVE $3.19 |
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Black Adcoseal B-100 Butyl Rubber Sealant $8.99 |
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Gray Adcoseal B-100 Butyl Rubber Sealant $8.99 |
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White Adcoseal B-100 Butyl Rubber Sealant $8.99 |
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Black Adcoseal BP-300 Non-Skinning Butyl Sealant $8.99 |
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Gray Adcoseal BP-300 Non-Skinning Butyl Sealant $8.99 |
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FLEX SEAL Spray Can plumbing repair water gutter sealant AS SEEN ON TV $17.01 |
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NEW PERMATEX 81422 RTV HI TEMP GASKET MAKER SEALANT $5.95 |
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NEW PERMATEX 82180 RTV BLACK GASKET MAKER SEALANT GLUE $5.95 |
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NEW PERMATEX 81158 BLACK RTV SILICONE ADHESIVE SEALANT $3.99 |
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Black PTI 707 Butyl Rubber Sealant $13.59 |
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Bronze PTI 707 Butyl Rubber Sealant $13.59 |
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Gray PTI 707 Butyl Rubber Sealant $13.59 |
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White PTI 707 Butyl Rubber Sealant $13.59 |
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NEW PERMATEX 80008 FORM A GASKET SEAL SEALANT ADHESIVE $3.19 |
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3M™ Fire Block Sealant FB 136, 10 oz Cartridge, Fire Safety & Protection 16591 $7.95 |
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NEW PERMATEX 80007 FORM A GASKET SEAL SEALANT ADHESIVE $3.49 |
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Sealant Equipment and Engineering LOT 14+ pieces valve sear oring bearing +more $99.00 |
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PROFESSIONAL CAR WAX SEALANT Tired of polish? Try PTFE! $31.22 |
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Permatex 80060 1.75 Oz High Tack Super Adhesive & Sealant $26.93 |
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LOCTITE 545 PNEUMATIC HYDRAULIC THREAD SEALANT 36ML 6PK $171.90 |
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Rolled Mastic Duct Sealant 2″ x 100′ AFG-1402-2 $22.99 |
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Goop Household Goop Glue Sealant Free Ship $9.99 |
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Goop Plumbers Goop Glue Sealant Free Ship $9.99 |
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Rolled Mastic Duct Sealant 3″ x 100′ AFG-1402-3 $38.99 |
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Rolled Mastic Duct Sealant 2″ x 100′ 1403-181BFX-2 $32.99 |
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Rolled Mastic Duct Sealant 3″ x 100′ 1403-181BFX-3 $42.99 |
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Liquid Mastic Duct Sealant – Gray – 11 Oz. G80-198 (DS-321-25) $6.99 |
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SEALANT TAPE TO WEATHERPROOF THOSE CONNECTIONS! NEW! $3.99 |
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PROFESSIONAL CAR WAX SEALANT Tired of polish? Try PTFE! $31.22 |
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Geocel 2320 Construction Sealant / 18-10.3 FL.OZ. Tubes $88.99 |
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NSI Glaze N Go UV Gel Sealant 1/2 oz. ( 15 mL) $8.95 |
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Geocel 10100 10 Oz Clear Exterior Caulking Sealant $27.93 |
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GE Silicone GE285 Silicone II Aluminum and Metal Sealant $25.91 |
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Dap 18286 ALUM DYNAFLX LTX SEALANT Pack of 12 $46.21 |
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Dap 08642 BLACK SILICONE SEALANT Pack of 12 $67.01 |
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2 TUBE MOMENTIVE IS800 SILICONE RUBBER ADHESIVE SEALANT $19.99 |
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DOW CORNING 732 Multi-Purpose Sealant ( 1 ea) color Clear BEST BUY BEST VALUE $6.59 |
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Permatex 81158 3 Ounce Black RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant $3.96 |
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PERMATEX CLEAR RTV SILICONE ADHESIVE SEALANT $8.25 |
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100% Silicone Sealant Tube $2.99 |
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100% Silicone Sealant Tube *Lot of 12 $36.00 |
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Eco Window & Door Foam Sealant, Gun Foam, Handi-Seal, FOMO# P30095 $11.50 |
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Dap 2.8oz Silicone Rubber Auto/Marine Sealant Clear 00694 $8.88 |
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Sashco Sealants 13030 10OZ LEXEL WHITE SEALANT $8.54 |
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3M ESPE CLINPRO SEALANT SYRINGE REFILL 12627 $21.00 |
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3/4 roll GORE-TEX JOINT SEALANT 3/16″-450 TO+600 DEG $69.99 |
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SCOTCH ATG GOLD ADHESIVE TRANSFER TAPE 12 Rolls 908 SEALANT $99.99 |
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Rubber o-ring gasket seal for Oster & Osterizer, 3 PACK. $0.01 Flat rubber o-ring seal. A common replacement part, this seal sits between the top of the blade and the botom of the jar. Only one seal is needed per blender. Fits ALL Oster blenders, Osterizers and Oster Kitchen Centers. Also fits some Sunbeam models which use a metal drive pin. Package of 3 seals…. |
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Moen 9601 Choiceflo, 9600 Replacement Filter $24.42 Moen 9601 Replacement Filter Wholesale Use with F7400 & 77200 faucet series solid carbon block filter Filter improves taste and reduces odor and contaminants including Lead, Cysts, Mercury, Lindane, Atrazine, Turbidity, and Toxophene activated carbon block filter does not remove beneficial fluoride reduces chlorine to improve taste and odor 1 gpm (4 L/m) flow rate is convenient for filling large v… |
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6 Portable Hand Held Heat Sealer (Model KF-150CST) For Mylar Bags For Long Term Food Storage $110.00 This lightweight and versatile 6″ sealer can be used anywhere. THIS is Model KF-150CST It is the best hand held sealer on the market. It is a direct heat sealer with a Teflon coated serrated jaw. Ideal for sealing Cellophane, Coated aluminum foil, Kraft paper and other thick materials, this sealer is the BEST way to seal Mylar bags used in long term food storage. The sealer makes a perfect 6″ lon… |
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Farm Innovators CC-2 Cord Connect Water-Tight Cord Lock – Green $0.90 Farm Innovators Cord Connect Water-Tight Cord Lock Great accessory for anyone using extension cords outside. The Cord Connect provides a water-tight connection between the plugs, keeping them safe and dry. It also locks the two cords together to prevent unwanted disconnects. Plenty of uses around the home and farm including power tools, landscape equipment, deicers, heated buckets, outdoor lights,… |
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DuPont StoneTech Professional Revitalizer Cleaner and Protector 24-Ounce Spray, Citrus Scent $8.25 … |
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Rust-Oleum 265494 12-Ounce Leak Seal Flexible Rubber Sealant, Black $10.50 Rust-Oleum Leak Seal is an easy to use, rubberized protective utility coating designed to fill and seal leaks and cracks. It provides a water-tight, flexible seal that prevents moisture penetration, rust, and corrosion…. |
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2012 Australian Gold JWOWW Ultimate 50X Black Bronzer Tanning Lotion 13.5 oz. $21.33 Powerful instant and delayed bronzers give skin darker, richer more radiant color. Paired with moisturizers that will hydrate and immerse skin in a blanket of velvety softness. A dominating combination of immediate and delayed bronzers that give skin the perfect color. |
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Howard BBC012 Butcher Block Conditioner Food Grade Mineral Oil and Natural Waxes, 12-Ounces $5.10 Specialized wood care for butcher blocks, cutting boards, wooden bowls, and utensils. The penetrating quality of food grade mineral oil along with the water resistant traits of beeswax and carnauba wax rejuvenates the wood and prevents drying and cracking. The naturall antibacterial waxes help repair knife marks and protect the wood by keeping the mineral oil in and the moisture out. Exceeds U.S. … |
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Sof Sole Shoe Goo Shoe Goo is a superior adhesive and sealant that easily and permanently repairs all types of footwear. Use Shoe Goo to mend rubber soles, tears in canvas or leather tops or to stop shoe laces from fraying. Dries to a waterproof, flexible rubber, so it will repair waders and boots without breaking or cracking…. |
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Giving Tree Decal – Vinyl Macbook or Laptop Decal Sticker $4.75 Set your macbook apart from your friends with this awesome Giving Tree Decal. It come standard to fit a 13″ Macbook but can be sized to fit any size Macbook or Laptop, just send me a message after placing the order to let me know the correct size you need…. |
